Fall Fun on the Roof

Autumn winds have blown into DC and we’ve been getting the Georgetown Rooftop Food Project ready for cool weather. Aside from gorgeous views like this one:

there are the regular fall garden tasks to check off the list. First things first—getting a new round of cold-hardy crops planted. On October 1 we sowed seeds for Encore lettuce mix, Ovation greens mix, Minutina, Mei Qing pac choi, Mokum carrots, Merlin beets, Hakurei turnips, and three kinds of radishes (Miyashige, Red Meat, and Easter Egg). Now, a few weeks later, we have cute ruffly rows of baby greens and root crops.

Another fall job is saving seeds to squirrel away for next year’s plantings. Sunflower seeds are easy—you just pry seeds out of the dried up flower head and pick off the husks.

Tomato seeds take a few more steps. After scooping the seeds into a bowl, you have to let them ferment for a few days until moldy, then rinse several times in clean water, which washes away the poorer quality seeds and leaves the viable ones. Good step by step instructions for saving tomato seeds can be found here.

With tomato production winding down and first frost on the way, it’s time to clear spent vines and sow cover crops! It’s fun to cast handfuls of winter rye, hairy vetch, and spurs oats seeds across the cleaned up beds. These cold-hardy cover crops will protect the soil from wind and rain and help build nutrient levels for next season. This site gives some good pointers on maintaining soil fertility in raised beds.

And to help with autumn clean up, we assembled two new compost bins so we can turn our garden “waste” into a nutrient goldmine right on the roof!

Catalog & Supply Time

If you ordered any seeds or other garden supplies in the past few years, then you know what to expect when you open the mailbox in late December. Catalogs- lots of them, full of the latest and greatest varieties, tools, gizmos, gloves, books, etc.

There are several catalogs that head straight to the recycling bin. There are a few that I know I will need handy eventually, so I put them into the SAVE pile, but they don't really call my name at this time of year. Then there are a few that I scan like a detective hunting for clues. Topping the list of the catalog most scanned, read, and eagerly anticipated is the catalog of Johnny's Selected Seeds.

First question: what's new? I find myself gravitating towards the tools section. Has Eliot Coleman created a drill-powered mini-copter that allows you to hover over beds of greens in the hoophouse? Perhaps in 2011. But the big push on quick hoops seems right for the times. Cheap, effective, and serious profit potential.

Second question: what's changed? Now I'm looking at prices. I go straight to lettuce mix for that one. Almost no change. Smart move! Now to Zinnias- prices have risen sharply for the Benary's mix, probably in part due to the events in the flower seed world that Growing for Market has covered in 2009. Either way, I wish that Johnny's would just stick with weights of seed (1/4 oz., 1 lb, etc.) or quantites of seed (50 seeds, 1000 seeds etc.), but not tinker around with these units for different varieties, or from year to year. Everything else about the catalog is excellent, but I'd rather that Johnny's just be more open about price changes than trying to muffle them with changes to units and sizes of packets that prevent an easy comparison.

Third question: in what direction is the company headed? I'm interested in what new areas the particular seed/tool company seems to be expanding. Johnny's appears to be renewing focus on the commercial grower, and expanding in the tools/equipment aspect of the company. That says two things to me- one, that small-scale farming is booming in a time of economic stagnation, and two, that Johnny's is concentrating on strengthening its position as the 'go-to' seed & supply company on the East Coast for the small veggie farm. That may seem like the obvious move, but my observations of several companies in the past few years lead me to conclude that many small companies make the mistake of trying to be all things to all people. Johnny's has avoided this pitfall, by concentrating on becoming all things to a particular group of people (market gardeners and small veggie farmers), a group which is clearly surging into 2010.

The Seeds of Change catalog really surprised me by removing the tool section entirely! This says to me that after dabbling with all kinds of different stuff, they may be concentrating again on the backyard gardener. I get the sense that the company is a little bit scattered in terms of focus, and perhaps might be returning home to a focus on heirloom seeds.

Southern Exposure Seed Exchange has the most compelling catalog of the year, in large part due to the catalog cover, which is creative and enticing. Little gnomes with caps that mirror hot peppers. Very well done. Everything about this company says that it is heading in a positive direction. Like Johnny's, Southern Exposure is clearly concentrating on strengthening its home base, but in this case the home base is heirloom seeds and the backyard gardener. Quantities of many seeds are certainly sufficient for the market farm, but Southern Exposure has smartly continued focus on the victory gardener and establishing itself as the go-to seed company for organic gardeners of the mid-Atlantic. I am impressed by how Southern Exposure has crafted and communicated such a clear and consistent identity over the years, and how each year seems to feature solid and measurable improvements...all this I gain from the catalog!

But a picture is worth a thousand words. In summary, the catalogs of 2010 communicate to me that this is a year of 'energizing-the-base'. Smart companies are identifying the things they do well and improving them. The small farmers and backyard gardeners these companies serve are doing the same thing. 2010 motto (expanded from an old funk song)- "Whatever you do, do it good, and what's good, make it better."

Arugula, Class, Snow & Winter

Four inches of snow sits atop beds of arugula in the Local Food Project garden- meanwhile, winter sowing of arugula and greens carries on in the LFP Passive Solar Hoophouse. As we wrap up a year full of workshops and seminars at Airlie Center, we look forward to our January 2010 Conference- Nordell & Martens: Culture in Cultivation, featuring a small vegetable farm powered by draft horses, and a 1,300 acre organic grain operation with custom milling of animal feeds.

Winter, where the harvest is soooo sweet, literally! That's because the cool temps concentrate sugars in cool weather crops, from carrots to kale to yes, arugula. If you have ever wondered why your garden carrots are not that sweet, is may be partially due to the temps of the soil during harvest. So many crops that are bland or even bitter during the summer and early fall take on an entirely new flavor in the fall and early winter.

The key becomes how you keep these crops alive in the garden for that sweet harvest.

At the LFP garden, we believe in simplicity. Metal hoops (you can cut your own using any decently thick steel wire) straddle our three ft. wide garden beds. Over these hoops, we drape floating row cover, a poly-fabric that provides a mild amount of frost protection (a few degrees), but creates a temperate, wind-free environment in which cold-tolerant greens and roots (like radishes, carrots & beets) can hang around and sweeten up until harvest. The row cover comes in varying thicknesses and price, but we like to use the stuff that is in the middle- not too light, not too heavy.

So when it snows, the cover will at least provide a little buffer between the plants and the snow, provided the snow is not too heavy. It is truly amazing to dust off the snow, and uncover a dazzling green bed of crispy greens amidst a winter wonderland!

For heading deep into winter, a hoophouse is the way to go. It's the same concept of providing a little protection for the crops with hoops and a covering, but the hoops are much larger and the covering is a high-grade plastic. In the LFP garden, we have a 30x72 ft. gothic frame hoophouse. The frame came from Ledgewood Farms. The plastic, vents, and end-wall paneling came from Griffins Greenhouse Supply. We harvested and milled all the white oak baseboards and door framing ourselves, with the guidance of experienced timber framer Eric Westergart.

And that brings us back to winter. I encourage all gardeners to go for a winter harvest, which is essentially an extension of your fall crops via a little protection from the elements.

Starting Broccoli and Cabbage

The Local Food Project crew spent an afternoon starting seeds for our first spring field crops—cool weather-loving broccoli (Gypsy and De Cicco) and cabbage (Gonzales). After filling flats with dark, fluffy potting mix, we poked shallow holes in the center of all 128 cells. We dropped in the tiny round seeds by ones and twos, then carefully tucked them, covering them with a light layer of potting mix. After a gentle watering, we set the flats atop heating mats, which will give the seeds an extra boost of warmth as they work to put out roots and sprout. We’ll be starting more seeds in the days and weeks to come and transplanting day will be here before we know it!

Some New Varieties for 2009

We placed the last of our seed orders for the summer season and the Local Food Project crew is looking forward to harvesting some old favorites like Ermosa lettuce, Sun Gold cherry tomatoes, and Sweet Chocolate peppers. We’re also excited to try out some new varieties this year—red and purple speckled Scarlet Runner bean, bumpy blue Marina di Chioggia pumpkin, blackish purple Nyagous tomato, and other unique vegetables, flowers, and herbs we can’t wait to try and share!

Winter’s Many Shades of Green

Lettuces, bok choy, kale, and other cool-weather favorites
Originally uploaded by Local Food Project at Airlie

Our new batch of seeds for the hoophouse recently arrived and we can already envision the tasty salads we’ll be harvesting for Airlie Center’s guests come February.

Arugula—Astro
Asian Greens—Yukina Savoy and Tatsoi
Cress—Presto
Pac Choi—Mei Qing
Allstar Lettuce Mix
Encore Lettuce Mix
Minutina (Erba Stella)